My parents live in a small neighborhood composed of five sets of three adjoining houses. Each trio of houses faces the road, and each house has a courtyard in the back. The courtyards are connected by gates that allow contractors, such as landscapers, and visitors to pass through from one end of the row to the other. The middle courtyard is blocked off from the street on both sides, and there is no alley or road touching the courtyards that would allow another mode of entry other than through the front of the house. Consequently, the neighborhood homeowners’ association (HOA) requires that all connecting gates remain unlocked.

In September 2025 Cindy Morgan moved into an apartment in a 55-and-older community in Temple, Texas, and immediately began to experience “severe headaches, cold sweats, shortness of breath, and facial swelling.” Unable to function, Morgan made four trips to the doctor before she discovered black mold when she pulled back her bedroom carpet. Exposure to black mold can cause allergy-like symptoms and more severe reactions in individuals with pre-existing conditions. Morgan subsequently used home mold test kits in her bedroom, dining room, and kitchen, all of which tested positive

I was raised in a ranching town within a small HOA-regulated neighborhood. As a kid, I spent countless afternoons playing tennis on our neighborhood court. Just beyond the court stretched an open field that all the homeowners shared as common property. But the portion of the field closest to the court told a different story. One of our neighbors had enclosed it with a fence, built horse stables, and kept his horses there. He maintained the enclosure, controlled access to it, and used the space as if it were his own.

Have you ever felt like you were living at work? Now, you might be. Post-COVID-19, more people are working from home than ever before. Even after recent return-to-work orders, office buildings are still only seeing 63% occupancy. Office to residential building conversions have been proposed as the creative solution to repurpose unused buildings and revitalize abandoned downtown streets. In Montgomery County, Maryland, the county instituted a tax abatement called PILOT, or “payment in lieu of taxes,” under which office buildings converted into residential spaces are wholly exempt from real property tax for twenty years. However, many cities have land-use restrictions in place that may force developers to go through the time-consuming and costly process of requesting a variance, an exception to zoning regulations. So, are cities actually being revitalized through office to residential conversions when there are strict land-use restrictions in place?

If you were in the market for an eighteen-time NBA champion franchise, the cost will run you $6.1 billion. This was the price paid by the new ownership of the Boston Celtics in late March 2025. That astronomical price tag makes it the most expensive sale of a sports franchise in North American history, beating out the last previous sale by $500 million. But what does buying an NBA franchise actually grant the owner in terms of property rights? This paper will examine the process which NBA ownership is acquired and the rights and responsibilities conferred to the new owner. The NBA is more like a fancy New York City Co-op apartment building in more ways than one.