Dupe culture has challenged brands to grapple with how they can protect their designs. In 2013, brands began marketing their products to consumers on social media sites like TikTok and Instagram. Fast-fashion retailers noticed the gap between consumers who desired to purchase trending products but could not afford them and began replicating popular designs and selling them for cheaper prices.  

The eruption of Artificial Intelligence technologies has created new problems for lawmakers. One of the most controversial functions of AI is the way the technologies train themselves. Currently, AI training processes hundreds of millions of datapoints publicly available on the internet. These include sites likes Wikipedia and Project Gutemberg, as well as articles, blogs, forums, and images. One consequence is that the technology may avail itself to copyrighted material during training. Thus, ownership of the new content may be called into question.

Games Workshop (GW), a UK based company, is the author and owner of the Warhammer 40,000 tabletop miniature game, which is also played significantly in the United States. Each set of models, or “army unit,” comes unassembled, requiring the player to assemble and paint the models before playing. The hobby involves substantial creativity from fans; players paint the armies different colors, often use hobby materials to alter the appearance of models, or mix and match different modeling kits. Both the creative element and the cost of the hobby have created a market for selling alternative 3-D prints on third-party websites like ebay or etsy.