First Possession and Tribal Traditions

Mon, 06 Apr 2026 16:50:57 -0400

Western Apache Natives know the land at Oak Flat, also known as Chi’chil Biłdagoteel, in Phoenix, Arizona as part of their home. The natives have used the land for centuries to conduct ceremonies, which are part of their religious and tribal belief that are tied specifically to Oak Flat. The problem that comes from Oak Flat is that the land is situated on top of a massive deposit of copper, around 20 million tons of it valued at around $200 billion. In 1955, President Eisenhower closed off all mining operations on Oak Flat, which was later reaffirmed in 1971, and since then, the area has been used by the tribe and other ancestors with the guarantee that their rights to the land would not be intruded upon.

Indigenous Lands on Property Law Today

First Possession and Tribal Traditions